Missed Self Assessment Deadline?
Missed HMRC Deadline
Published: 1/21/2026
Every January, Self Assessment searches surge because the online filing deadline is 31 January (plus payment deadlines and penalty worries). If you’ve missed the deadline, are filing for the first time, or you’ve received an HMRC letter, this guide explains exactly what to do next to reduce penalties and stress.
The online Self Assessment deadline is 31 January each year, and it’s also the deadline to pay most Self Assessment tax bills for the previous tax year. That’s why January is when people search for “missed Self Assessment deadline”, “late filing penalty” and “HMRC letter”.
Quick fix order: (1) File ASAP even if you can’t pay yet. (2) Pay what you can.
(3) If you can’t pay in full, consider Time to Pay. (4) Appeal only if you have a valid reason and evidence.
Missed the Self Assessment deadline? Here’s what happens next
Missing the deadline can trigger late filing penalties (for submitting the return late) and separate late payment penalties and interest (for paying late). The two are often confused — and the costs can stack.
Late filing penalties (typical HMRC timeline)
| How late is your return? | Typical late filing penalties |
|---|---|
| 1 day late | £100 fixed penalty (even if you owe no tax) |
| 3 months late | £10 per day (up to 90 days, max £900) |
| 6 months late | Additional £300 or 5% of tax due (whichever is higher) |
| 12 months late | Additional £300 or 5% of tax due (whichever is higher) |
Late payment penalties (separate) + interest
If you file but don’t pay, HMRC can apply late payment penalties at set milestones, plus interest on the unpaid balance.
| How late is your payment? | Typical late payment penalties |
|---|---|
| 30 days late | 5% of unpaid tax |
| 6 months late | 5% of unpaid tax |
| 12 months late | 5% of unpaid tax |
How to minimise penalties quickly
- File immediately — this helps stop late filing penalties escalating.
- Pay something now if possible — percentage penalties and interest are based on what’s still unpaid.
- If you can’t pay in full, explore an HMRC Time to Pay arrangement and spread the balance (don’t just ignore the bill).
- Check if your January bill includes payments on account — a common reason the amount feels unexpectedly high.
- Only appeal if you have a genuine, evidenced reason (e.g., serious illness, bereavement, major system failure). Unsupported appeals often waste time.
Need urgent help filing?
If you’re late or unsure what to include, we can handle the return and advise the best next step. See our Self Assessment Tax Return service or call the team.
Phone: 0203 092 6909 | Email: mail@accusolveaccountants.com
First time filing a tax return? Simple checklist for freelancers & side hustles
First-time Self Assessment issues are usually caused by late registration, missing paperwork, or underestimating how long it takes to gather figures. The easiest way to avoid January panic is to get set up early and keep simple records monthly.
First-time filer checklist
- Confirm you need to file (common triggers: self-employment/side income, rental income, untaxed income).
- Register with HMRC if needed — start here: HMRC Registration.
- Gather: income totals, expense receipts, mileage logs, platform statements, interest/dividends (if relevant).
- Understand payments on account: January can include your balancing payment plus an advance payment for the next year.
- Choose a simple system: monthly bookkeeping + bank feeds. See bookkeeping services and accounting software setup.
Pro tip: If your side hustle is growing, good bookkeeping isn’t just for tax — it helps you plan cash flow and avoid nasty surprises.
See cash flow forecasting for planning support.
Received an HMRC letter? What to do in the next 48 hours (and what not to do)
HMRC letters can be routine (e.g., penalty notices, payment reminders) or requests for information. The goal in the first 48 hours is to verify the letter, understand what HMRC wants, and respond calmly with evidence — not guesses.
Your 48-hour action plan
| Timeframe | What to do |
|---|---|
| 0–2 hours | Read the full letter. Note: what’s due (return/payment/info), the deadline date, and any reference numbers. Don’t share your UTR or personal details publicly. |
| 2–24 hours | Log in to your HMRC online account and compare the letter to your account position. Identify whether it’s a late filing issue, a late payment issue, or a request for information. |
| 24–48 hours | If you’re late: file immediately and pay what you can. If you can’t pay: explore Time to Pay. If you disagree: prepare an evidence-backed response or appeal. |
What NOT to do
- Don’t ignore the letter — penalties/interest can escalate.
- Don’t click links or call numbers from suspicious messages; verify using official GOV.UK guidance.
- Don’t submit estimates if you can avoid it — incorrect returns can create bigger issues later.
Key Self Assessment dates (quick reference)
| Deadline | What it’s for |
|---|---|
| 5 October | Register for Self Assessment (first-time filers, if required) |
| 31 October | Paper tax return deadline (if filing by paper) |
| 30 December | Online filing deadline if paying tax through your PAYE tax code (where eligible) |
| 31 January | Online filing deadline + tax payment deadline + usually first payment on account |
| 31 July | Second payment on account (if applicable) |
FAQs: Self Assessment deadlines, penalties and HMRC letters
In most cases, HMRC applies a fixed £100 late filing penalty once your return is late — even if you owe no tax.
Filing as soon as possible helps stop additional penalties building up.
No. Late filing penalties apply when the return is submitted late. Late payment penalties and interest apply when tax is paid late.
You can be hit by both — so the fastest way to reduce costs is to file promptly and pay what you can.
Payments on account are advance payments towards next year’s tax bill, usually due on 31 January and 31 July.
That means January can include the balance for last year plus an advance payment for the next year.
You should still file your return on time (or as soon as possible if late). If you can’t pay in full, you may be able to set up a
Time to Pay arrangement to spread payments. Paying something now can still reduce interest and percentage penalties.
Cross-check details against your HMRC online account and use official GOV.UK guidance for scam checks. Avoid calling numbers or clicking links
from suspicious messages. If you’re unsure, get advice before sharing personal information.
Yes — but you need a valid reason and evidence. If you’re appealing, do it promptly and keep records (dates, screenshots, medical notes where relevant).
If you were simply late, filing quickly and arranging payment is usually the most effective first step.
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